Under which Act were IPNAs introduced to tackle anti-social behaviour?

• A. Police Reform Act 2012
• B. Public Order Act 1986
• C. Anti-Social Behaviour Act 2003
• D. ASB, Crime and Policing Act 2014

Answer: (D)

IPNAs, or Injunctions to Prevent Nuisance and Annoyance, were introduced by the Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014. This Act gave police and local authorities a fast, civil remedy to stop behaviours that cause nuisance or annoyance, by making court orders that prohibit certain actions or require specific conduct. Breaching an IPNA can lead to enforcement actions in court. The 2014 Act broadened and modernised anti-social behaviour controls beyond what the earlier ASBO framework offered, and it sits alongside other measures like Community Protection Notices.

The other Acts either address different areas or predate these tools: the Police Reform Act 2012 focuses on policing structures and powers; the Public Order Act 1986 deals with public order offences; the Anti-Social Behaviour Act 2003 introduced ASBOs, which were later replaced or supplemented by the 2014 Act’s IPNAs.